Scarpia’s encounter with Tosca is beneficial to him in two ways. Scarpia confiscates it, realising that the politically suspicious Cavaradossi is the painter who works in the church. In their hasty departure, Angelotti had forgotten a part of his disguise: a fan with the coat of arms of Attavanti. He has searched the church and has found evidence that Cavaradossi helped the fugitive. Tosca has been ordered to attend a gala performance for the queen in the evening, and she wants to tell Cavaradossi that she must cancel their date – but instead of Cavaradossi, she finds the chief of police, Baron Scarpia, in the church. God will be thanked for this victory, and a Te Deum is organised. The conservative party has beaten its opponent, Napoleon, in a decisive military battle and all of Rome is to celebrate the event. Meanwhile, the church is being prepared for a solemn ceremony. Cavaradossi then decides to take it upon himself to get the fugitive to safety.
As Angelotti prepares to leave, the cannons of Castel Sant’Angelo fire, signalling that his escape has been discovered. In case of a search, there is a safe hiding place in the garden, in a niche deep inside the well. He offers to let him stay in his villa, the secret love-nest he shares with Tosca. Now Cavaradossi can turn his focus back to Angelotti’s escape. Once again, he manages to dispel her doubts about his loyalty and she leaves the church after they have reconciled. Her jealousy, however, flares as she recognises the face of Attavanti in the painting of Maria Magdalena. Sensing that something is wrong, Tosca thinks that Cavaradossi has met with another woman in the church, but she soon accepts his sincere affirmations of love. Cavaradossi loves Tosca beyond measure, but because she is a devout Catholic, singer and figurehead for the royalist system, he’s decided to hide his political activities from her. When Tosca enters the church to make an appointment for the evening with her lover, Cavaradossi hides Angelotti in the chapel. When Cavaradossi discovers the fugitive in the church, he quickly sees that they are politically like-minded and gives him the food that the Sacristan had prepared for his lunch break. Inspired by Attavanti’s frequent visits to the church, he uses her face in the painting. In the same church, the painter Cavaradossi is working on a portrait of Maria Magdalena with an assistant. His sister, the beautiful Marchesa Attavanti, has planned an escape for him, hiding the chapel key and women’s clothes for a disguise. He finds refuge in a church, where his family owns a private chapel. Just a few hours before his execution, the political refugee Cesare Angelotti escapes from Castel Sant’Angelo, the state prison.
The famed opera singer Floria Tosca’s lover Mario Cavaradossi, a painter, is among the opponents. Queen Maria-Carolina now rules Rome, allowing her chief of police to mercilessly arrest and execute her opponents, often without a trial.
A newly-founded free republic, which had overthrown the aristocracy’s supremacy, has been dissolved – once again the royalists have prevailed.